Name two non-animal testing strategies used in regulatory toxicology and give a brief description of each.

• A. In vitro cytotoxicity assays (cell-based readouts for toxicity potential) and in silico QSAR/read-across (computational predictions of hazard based on structure).
• B. In vivo rodent carcinogenicity studies and chronic dog studies.
• C. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo organ toxicity biomarkers.
• D. Human clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.

Answer: (C)