Which processing method is characteristic of citrus peels?

• A. cold pressing
• B. distillation
• C. solvent extraction
• D. fermentation

Answer: (A)

Citrus peels contain essential oils stored in oil glands in the rind, and the most characteristic way to obtain these oils is by cold pressing (expression). Mechanical pressing ruptures the oil glands at ambient temperatures, releasing the volatile compounds without heating them, which preserves the bright citrus aroma and composition. Steam distillation, while capable of extracting essential oils, uses heat and can alter the oil’s profile, so it’s not the defining method for citrus peels. Solvent extraction and fermentation are not typically used to produce citrus peel essential oils, as solvents can leave residues and fermentation isn’t suited to extracting these volatile oils.